Gold is, in its physical form, a commodity whose value arises from scarcity and demand. Once adopted as money, however, it assumes an economic function that transcends its material nature. As a unit of account and medium of exchange, gold becomes the universal equivalent through which diverse goods and services are rendered comparable. Its value then reflects not direct utility, but its capacity to represent generalized purchasing power and to mediate the allocation of society’s output across time and agents.

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